Topic: Electric Vehicles

China’s PHEV sales drop for the first time since 2020

China’s plug-in hybrid (PHEV) market experienced its first monthly decline for some time as the sector’s slowdown continued. But are battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) also experiencing troubles? Autovista24 special content editor Phil Curry examines the figures.

November 2025 saw China’s PHEV market suffer its first decline in monthly sales since June 2020. BEV growth also slowed, although overall volumes remained high, according to the latest data from EV Volumes.

PHEV deliveries declined by 3.4% in November, with 527,751 units sold during the month. The country has experienced a dramatic slowdown in deliveries since July. Results are being compared with increased demand in 2024 and a decline in sales of popular BYD models.

Meanwhile, BEV sales increased by 11.9% in the month. With 852,945 deliveries, this was the second-highest volume of the year.

PHEV slowdown impacting results

Between January and November, PHEV deliveries grew by 15.9%. In total, 4,971,816 units were delivered in the timeframe. In the first half of 2025, PHEV sales in China increased by 35.7%. However, in the five months between July and November, deliveries only increased by 1.5%.

The PHEV market saw increased competition across the first 11 months of 2025. While BYD continued to dominate, unit totals for a number of its models were down year on year. Meanwhile, other brands, such as Galaxy, Aito and Fang Cheng Bao impressed. This indicated the potential of a more diverse market, albeit one with fewer sales.

The BEV market continued its strong growth. It recorded 7,454,241 sales equating to a rise of 33.4% in the 11-month period.

BYD leads but others impress

The BYD Qin Plus ended November as the best-selling PHEV in China. The model amassed 33,000 sales, equating to a 21.7% year-on-year rise. With a 6% market share, it increased its hold by 0.9 percentage points (pp) on November 2024.

Continuing an impressive run in only its fourth month on the market, the Fang Cheng Bao Tai 7 placed second in November. With 24,019 deliveries, it was not far behind the leading BYD model. The PHEV achieved a 4.4% market share in the month.

Taking third was the Aito M7, which bounced back with strong results in both October and November. It achieved 22,892 deliveries in the 11th month of the year, an improvement of 70.6%. This total helped the M7 secure 4.2% of total PHEV sales in the month, up by 1.7pp.

A dominant run

BYD managed to secure fourth, fifth, sixth and ninth spots to keep its top 10 domination intact. The first model in this run was new to the market. The BYD Seal 5 achieved 21,002 sales in its first month, hinting at a strong future for the model. The total was enough for a 3.8% market share.

The BYD Seal 6 followed after suffering a 49.4% drop in volumes year on year. Its 14,901-unit total was enough for a 2.7% market share, down 2.9pp. The Seal 06 has struggled in recent months when compared with its initial popularity.

Sixth went to the BYD Song Pro. With 12,973 deliveries in November, its sales fell by 37.1% compared to the volume recorded a year prior. This was enough for a 2.4% market share, dropping by 1.5pp year on year.

Galaxy’s PHEV making a mark

Chinese brand Galaxy secured seventh and eighth in November’s PHEV market. The new Galaxy A7 took the higher of the two positions in its sixth month on the market. With 12,899 units hitting Chinese roads, it held 2.4% of the market and was just 74 units away from the BYD Song Pro.

The Galaxy Starship 7, which started the year strongly, ended November in eighth. With 12,001 deliveries, the model achieved a 2.2% market share.

The last BYD in the top 10, the Song L, saw a 54.3% drop compared to the previous year, with 11,029 sales. The 2% hold of the PHEV total was down by 2.6pp, highlighting the carmakers’ uneven market performance.

Galaxy secured the final spot in the top 10 with its M9 model. It achieved 10,639 sales in its fourth month on the market, with a 1.9% share of the total.

BYD holds firm

The cumulative top 10 table for 2025 remained mostly unchanged between October and November. Despite various models struggling, BYD’s market dominance was still apparent, as it held the top five spots and seven of the 10 placings.

Continuing to lead the pack after 11 months was the BYD Qin Plus, with 251,509 units and a 5.1% market share. This was followed by the BYD Seal 06, with 190,478 deliveries and a 3.8% hold of the PHEV total.

Following this was the BYD Song Plus, with 177,377 sales and a 3.6% market share. This is thanks to a strong start to 2025, with deliveries stagnating across the year. Between August and November 2025, the model only appeared in the monthly top 10 chart once.

Fourth went to the BYD Song Pro with 166,974 units, and a 3.4% share of the PHEV total. Rounding out the top five was the BYD Qin L, with 158,380 sales and a 3.2% hold. This is despite the model not featuring in November’s top 10.

Early results matter

Another model that relying on earlier 2025 results was the Li Auto L6. After a slower October and November, its 153,840 sales kept it in sixth after 11 months of 2025. This was enough for a 3.1% market share.

Seventh went to the BYD Song L, with 133,058 sales between January and November, it took a 2.7% hold. Following it was the Aito M8 which did not feature in November’s charts. With 131,811 sales, it secured a 2.7% share of the PHEV market after 11 months of 2025.

The Galaxy Starship 7 jumped one place to ninth after November’s results with 122,156 deliveries and a 2.5% share. This was at the expense of the BYD Destroyer 05, which rounded out the top 10 thanks to 116,767 sales, and a 2.3% hold of total PHEV volumes.

Wuling comeback continues

For the third month in a row, the Wuling Mini topped the BEV monthly table, continuing a comeback after a period of slower sales. The model achieved 56,756 deliveries in November, a 63.2% year-on-year improvement. Its 6.7% market share in the month was an increase of 2.1pp.

For the first time in 2025, the Tesla Model Y experienced growth outside of an ‘end-of-quarter’ month. November saw the US car achieve 47,132 sales, a 5.7% rise. However, with increased competition, its market share declined by 0.3pp.

The Geely Geome Xingyuan ended the month in third with 42,038 deliveries. This was a rise of 109.8%, although November 2024 represented the model’s third month on sale. Its market share climbed by 2.3pp to 4.9%.

Taking fourth was the Xiaomi YU7. In its sixth month on sale, it achieved 33,729 deliveries. This meant it took a 4% share of the market.

Meanwhile, in fifth was the Tesla Model 3. With 26,013 deliveries in China, it saw a 10% decline in volumes compared to November 2024. This was enough for a 3% hold of BEV totals, a drop of 0.8pp compared to 12 months prior.

BYD ups its pace

BYD’s place in China’s BEV market continued to grow in November. The brand secured four spots in the monthly top 10, with a run between sixth and eighth. Topping the BYD model placings in sixth was the Sea Lion 6 with 22,093 sales. This was good enough for a 2.6% share of total BEV deliveries in November.

Following this was the BYD Seagull, with 21,807 deliveries in the month. This was another steep decline for the model, with volumes down by 61.2% compared to the same period in 2024. Its 2.6% share was a drop of 4.8pp, as increased internal competition played a part.

In eighth was the BYD Yuan Up, with 20,628 models taking to Chinese roads, a drop of 3.6%. Its market share fell slightly, from 2.8% in November 2024 to 2.4%.

The Wuling Bingo S continued an impressive show of form. The model entered the top 10 in October, its first month on sale in China. In November, it remained in the chart, taking ninth with 17,959 sales and a 2.1% market share.

Rounding out the top 10 was the BYD Dolphin. It saw 17,320 deliveries, a 3.8% year-on-year rise. However, with increased competition, its 2% share of the BEV total was down by 0.2pp.

Geely leads as gap closes

After 11 months of 2025, the Geely Geome Xingyuan still held the lead in the cumulative top 10 table. With 429,791 deliveries, it had a market share of 5.8%. However, the competition gained ground.

Following its impressive run of results, the Wuling Mini sat second. It recorded 404,876 units and a 5.4% share of the BEV total between January and November. This meant its gap to first place sat at 24,924 units.

In third was the Tesla Model Y, with 359,463 sales in the 11-month period. This was good enough for a 4.8% market share.

Despite its struggles, the BYD Seagull held fourth place in the cumulative table, with 304,547 deliveries in China. The model took 4.1% of the BEV market. Following in fifth was the Xiaomi SU7, despite not having appeared in monthly charts since September. With 247,041 units taking to Chinese roads, it held 3.3% of the market.

Ups and downs

The BYD Yuan Up held sixth after 11 months of 2025. It recorded 199,048 deliveries, equating to a 2.7% hold of the BEV total.

Taking seventh was the Tesla Model 3, with 172,392 sales and a 2.3% market share between January and November. This was at the cost of the Xpeng M03, which has not made a monthly top 10 chart since August. The Chinese model achieved 163,082 sales in the first 11 months of 2025, equating to a 2.2% hold of the BEV total.

Ninth went to the Geely Panda Mini, which leapt one position despite not featuring in November’s top 10. However, 11th place in November was enough to secure a boost over the 10th-place Changan Lumin. The Geely model sold 157,735 units for a 2.1% market share between January and November. Meanwhile, the Lumin saw 153,907 deliveries, and a similar 2.1% share.

The Automotive Update: Could minimum import prices shake up EU BEV tariffs?

Do minimum import prices signal the end of EU tariffs for automotive imports? What is the potential impact on regional competition? Plus, which new small models are making waves in the European battery-electric vehicle (BEV) market? Autovista24 journalist Tom Hooker investigates in The Automotive Update podcast.

In this week’s episode, the EU and China appear to have made a breakthrough in trade negotiations. But what exactly are the pieces of this complex jigsaw? Could it shake up tariffs on BEVs entering the bloc? Also, a wider look at the European EV market, featuring the rise of two all-electric vehicles.

Subscribe to the Autovista24 podcast and listen to previous episodes on Spotify, Apple and Amazon Music.

New alternative for Chinese BEV import tariffs

The European Commission has published guidance for companies looking to export BEVs made in China into the EU. Manufacturers can make an ‘undertaking offer’ including a limit on the price of their vehicles, known as a minimum import price.

The document states that: ‘the undertaking offer must be adequate to eliminate the injurious effects of the subsidies and provide equivalent effect to duties; be practicable; mitigate the risk of cross-compensation; and be in accordance with general policy considerations.’

In October 2024, the EU confirmed countervailing duties of up to 35.3% on BEVs made in China. Rates were set according to the findings of an investigation into state subsidisation. These tariffs were added on top of the standard 10% import duty. 

The latest set of guidelines looks to offer an WTO-compatible alternative via a minimum import price. The guidelines state this must be high enough to offset any detrimental impact from subsidisation. They must also be set for each model and configuration option.

Additionally, risks including cross-compensation and broad product ranges have been highlighted as potential disruptors which could undermine undertakings. Complex sales channels will not help any undertaking. 

Offers must also be technically feasible. This means the Commission should be able to verify that the exporter continues to be compliant with the undertaking. Future investments in the EU BEV-related industries will also be considered within the offer. 

New models rise in European BEV standings

The latest data from EV Volumes revealed that two small all-electric models have made waves in the European EV market.

Firstly, combined deliveries of the Renault 5 and Alpine A290 topped Europe’s BEV market in November. The small BEVs have built on a consistently strong year. They took third in the cumulative BEV standings from January to November.

The second BEV to turn heads in November was a relative newcomer. The BYD Dolphin Surf made its maiden top-10 appearance in the month. With this strong performance, the hatchback has established itself as a major small BEV contender.

Other small BEVs featured in the cumulative rankings moved up the order between January and November. The Kia EV3 entered the top 10 for the first time in ninth. The Volvo EX30 and Citroën ë-C3 joined the top 20 best-selling BEV list in Europe in the same time frame.

Has a new leader emerged in Europe’s BEV market?

Across most of 2025, Tesla and Skoda topped Europe’s monthly battery-electric vehicle (BEV) standings. In November, a new leader emerged in the region. Autovista24 journalist Tom Hooker reveals the results.

While Europe’s electric vehicle (EV) market had a new leader in November, the continent’s growth trajectory remained unchanged.

EV sales, including BEVs and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs), enjoyed year-on-year growth of 29.3% from January to November 2025. A total of 3,442,316 new models were delivered in this timeframe, according to EV Volumes.

In November alone, sales were up 36.3% to 367,617 units. This was nearly identical to October’s year-on-year improvement of 36.6%. This relatively stable period for EV demand helped propel the market further forward.

Deliveries were up 23.8% across the first half of 2025. However, the same consistency cannot be seen when looking at BEV and PHEV performances separately.

Contrasting EV momentum

In November, BEVs enjoyed their biggest monthly sales increase since January 2025, with volumes surging by 37% to 253,865 units. The powertrain’s cumulative figure sat at 2,286,225 deliveries, up 27.3% compared to the same period in 2024. This represented a gradual rise from its growth of 24.9% during the first half of 2025.

On the other hand, the extraordinary PHEV growth seemed to slow. Sales improved by 34.9% in November to 113,752 units, the powertrain’s lowest monthly growth rate since April. This was above PHEVs’ cumulative increase of 33.6% from January to November, with 1,156,091 deliveries.

Europe’s new EV leader

Combined deliveries of the Renault 5 and Alpine A290 claimed Europe’s monthly EV best-sellers title in November. This was despite stiff competition from Tesla and Skoda, which dominated in 2025.

Deliveries soared by 169.1%, with 11,338 new models sold in the month, the duo’s highest-ever monthly sales total.

The Renault 5 and Alpine A290 narrowly bested a resurgent Tesla Model 3, which landed just 130 units behind. The more affordable version of the sedan, called the Model 3 Standard, was recently introduced to Europe. This may help to boost demand in the coming months.

A further 55 units back was the Skoda Elroq, which topped Europe’s EV market in October. With 12 months of recorded sales, the compact SUV’s delivery ramp-up appears to have plateaued. From September to November, its monthly sales figures did not exceed 11,395.

Fourth was the Tesla Model Y. This marked the first time since October 2022 that the crossover finished behind its smaller sibling. While the Model 3 enjoyed a double-digit improvement year-on-year, its big brother suffered a 38.1% drop to 10,989 units.

Even so, the Model Y was still not far from victory. Just 349 units separated first and fourth place in November’s best-selling BEV table.

VW Group’s BEV competition

Some distance behind, the Volkswagen (VW) ID.7 was embroiled in its own battle. It posted a 41.1% improvement to 7,343 sales, the all-electric models’ highest monthly total since March 2025. A further 227 units behind was the Skoda Enyaq in sixth. Unlike its fellow VW Group model, the SUV endured a 30.2% drop to 7,116 units.

The VW ID.4 placed seventh, with a 6.6% increase to 6,483 sales. Hot on its tail was its sibling, the ID.3. The hatchback posted 6,312 deliveries in November, translating to a 35.3% improvement year-on-year.

This meant that half of November’s top 10 was filled by VW Group models. Covering a variety of segments and body types, just under 5,000 units separated the BEVs.

Dolphin diving into the top 10

BMW’s iX1 claimed ninth, only 15 units behind the VW ID.3. However, it saw even greater growth compared to 12 months prior, with volumes up 41.9%.

Rounding out the top 10 was the BYD Dolphin Surf, with 5,972 units. This was the first time the hatchback featured in Europe’s monthly BEV top 10, after deliveries began in May 2025.

The Dolphin Surf’s volumes took a significant step up in November, meaning it may not have reached its full potential in Europe. If the model’s sales continue to rise, it could feature in the continent’s top 10 bestseller list by the end of 2026.

Yet, with November’s performance, the hatchback has established itself as a strong contender as a small BEV in Europe. It faces plenty of competition, including the Renault 5 and the Alpine A290. The Kia EV3, the Citroën ë-C3 and the Volvo EX30 are also popular small BEVs.

Additionally, more new models will enter the fray in 2026. This includes the Kia EV2 and BYD Atto 2 DM-i, which were presented at the Brussels Motor Show.

Tesla remains in control

After 11 months of 2025, the Tesla Model Y looked assured to win the title of Europe’s best-selling EV. The crossover’s 126,702 sales were 45,093 units ahead of its closest rival, the Skoda Elroq. This gap is likely to grow, with the Model Y expected to experience its usual end-of-quarter delivery peak in December.

Meanwhile, the second-place SUV was relatively safe from the chasing pack, with 81,609 sales between January and November.

However, the Renault 5 and the Alpine A290 could potentially benefit from a last-minute slip-up, presuming their momentum is maintained. The duo sat third with a combined total of 78,787 units.

Moving up the table

Moving up two places to fourth was the Tesla Model 3, after a strong November. With 74,974 sales, it could challenge for third, considering its quarterly delivery cycle.

Fifth was occupied by the Skoda Enyaq. The SUV recorded 70,985 sales in the first 11 months of 2025. Just 481 units behind was the VW ID.3, which fell two positions to sixth. Its sibling, the ID.4, claimed seventh with 69,426 units, after finishing ahead of the ID.3 in November.

The VW ID.7 landed in eighth thanks to 68,080 sales. It placed ahead of the ID.3 and ID.4 in November, meaning these three positions could change in the full-year standings. Kia’s EV3 secured ninth with 61,197 units, while the BMW iX1 landed 10th, posting 59,091 deliveries.

BYD’s PHEV success

BYD’s European PHEV success continued in November. The carmaker’s Seal U topped the standings during the month, with 5,682 new models delivered. This represented a 263.5% volume increase compared to 12 months prior.

Two other SUVs followed behind: the VW Tiguan and the Volvo XC60. Both models are competing against the Seal U for the 2025 PHEV best-seller title. The former recorded 4,927 sales in November, up 27% year on year. Conversely, the XC60 endured a 23.6% delivery decline, with 4,312 new models taking to European roads.

The Mercedes-Benz GLC was just 54 units behind in fourth. The SUV enjoyed a sales boost of 25.9% compared to November 2024. Then came the MG eHS with 3,607 deliveries, equating a year-on-year surge of 100.5%. Sixth was taken by the Ford Kuga, however, it faced a 1.5% drop in sales to 3,457 units.

The first non-SUV in November’s PHEV top 10 was the Audi A3. The model posted its highest monthly delivery figure since March 2024, with 3,271 deliveries. Compared to November 2024, this was a jump of 938.4%.

The Jaecoo J7 made its third consecutive top 10 appearance after only beginning to record significant volumes in February 2025. During November, the SUV posted 2,976 sales, putting it in eighth.

BMW’s X3 trailed the Jaecoo J7 by just 87 units. The German model recorded 2,889 deliveries in the month. This brought the total of SUVs featured in the month’s top 10 best-selling models to eight. The VW Golf finished in 10th. The hatchback recorded 2,858 sales, up 121% year-on-year.

All set for PHEV glory?

From January to November, the BYD Seal U sat at the top of the European PHEV market. With its November triumph, the model extended its lead, bringing its cumulative total to 57,949 units.

Its closest challenger was the VW Tiguan. The PHEV trailed the top spot by 2,271 units. This left the Tiguan with a mountain to climb to take full-year victory. The Volvo XC60 was third with 53,057 sales. Despite being in the fight for the title throughout the year, its chance of victory heading into December appears slim.

Fourth went to the Ford Kuga, which has remained consistent in 2025. Its 41,818-unit total was comfortably ahead of the BMW X1 in fifth. After narrowly missing out on November’s top 10, it recorded 36,257 units after 11 months of the year. The Mercedes-Benz GLC followed in sixth, with 34,839 deliveries.

MG’s eHS secured seventh in the cumulative standings, thanks to 33,383 sales. Not far behind was the Toyota C-HR, taking eighth with 32,149 units.

Fighting for a top 10 finish

Multiple models are fighting for a 2025 top 10 finish in the PHEV table. At the end of November, the Cupra Formentor held ninth with 26,695 deliveries. Just 99 units behind was the VW Golf, which entered the top 10.

However, both models are far from safe. The two most likely candidates to cause a last-minute shock are the BMW 5-Series and the Jaecoo J7. The models posted 26,588 and 26,194 units between January and November, respectively. In particular, the Jaecoo J7 was well positioned to enter the top 10 after a strong run of monthly results.

The Toyota RAV4, BMW X3, and Hyundai Tucson also have an outside chance of squeezing in. The three SUVs recorded 25,880, 25,550 and 25,116 units, respectively.

Popular Tesla and BYD models set for global EV victory

The global electric vehicle (EV) market will crown two models as 2025 market leaders. While a Tesla battery-electric vehicle (BEV) charged ahead, BYD led the plug-in hybrid (PHEV) race. Tom Geggus, Autovista24 editor, unpacks the latest data from EV Volumes.

November saw overall new EV sales slow dramatically. Deliveries of BEVs and PHEVs recorded their lowest monthly year-on-year growth rates in 2025 so far.

In total, 1,338,699 all-electric vehicles were delivered, up by 11.8%. This is a far cry from the 56.5% increase recorded in February. It also marked the slowest BEV growth since August 2024, when the market improved by 5.1%. November’s result brought the 2025 cumulative increase to 30.1%, with 12,468,696 units sold.

PHEVs, including extended-range electric vehicles, saw growth slow even more severely, with volumes up by 1.5% to 705,624 units.

The market has been slowing from a high point in May 2025, when sales grew by 44.3%. November’s figures meant 6,901,957 PHEVs have been delivered globally in the first 11 months of the year, up by 20%.

Tesla Model Y leads again

The Tesla Model Y reclaimed the monthly BEV lead in November. However, its total of 97,667 units was down by 10.5% year on year. This meant its market share fell by 1.8 percentage points (pp) to 7.3%.

Meanwhile, the Wuling Mini continued to see growth in second place, with its sales up by 63.2% to 56,785 units. This meant it represented 4.2% of all BEV shares, up from 2.9% in November 2024.

Third went to the Tesla Model 3, which saw a 7.7% dip in deliveries to 51,211 units. Its share dropped by 0.8pp to 3.8%. Fourth went to the Geely Geome Xingyuan, also known as the EX2 in some markets. It recorded the greatest volume growth in the top 10 at 114%. The BEV’s 42,873 sales equated to 3.2% of the market, up from its 1.7% share recorded 12 months ago.

The BYD seagull, also known as the Dolphin Surf, came in fifth. Its sales dropped by 31.3% to 40,746 units, taking its share down by 2pp to 3%. Sixth went to the Xiaomi YU7, which first recorded sales in June 2025. It recorded 33,778 deliveries, taking 2.5% of the global BEV market.

The BYD Yuan Up, also known as the Atto 2, landed seventh. It recorded sales growth of 8.7% to 23,889 units, keeping its share at 1.8%. Eighth went to the BYD Sea Lion 06, even though it only began posting significant sales midway through 2025. It captured 1.7% of the market in November with 22,093 sales.

Due to strong competition, the BYD Dolphin placed ninth as its market share slipped by 0.2pp to 1.6%. This was the result of 21,491 deliveries, up by 0.9%. The Wuling Bingo S secured 10th in only its second month on sale. It managed 17,959 deliveries for a 1.3% market share.

Tesla Model Y safe at the top

The Tesla Model Y appeared safe at the top of the global BEV leaderboard 11 months into 2025. Between January and November, the crossover saw 959,904 sales and made up for 7.7% of overall volumes. This put it 4.1pp ahead of its sibling, the Model 3, which captured a 3.6% share thanks to 443,125 deliveries.

The Geely Geome Xingyuan was close behind. The BEV achieved a 3.5% share between January and November and moved 430,676 units. The Wuling Mini came fourth with a volume of 405,006 units, capturing a 3.2% share. Only 0.1pp behind was the BYD Seagull, recording 386,400 sales.

With a 2% market share and 247,614 deliveries, the Xiaomi SU7 came sixth. It was followed by the BYD Yuan Up, which moved up a place to seventh. It accounted for 1.8% of all BEVs sold in the first 11 months of 2025, with 220,590 sales.

This meant it knocked its sibling, the BYD Yuan Plus, also known as the Atto 3, down a place to eighth. The all-electric model took a 1.7% share with 211,421 deliveries. Hot on its tail was the BYD Dolphin, with 206,703 units and a 1.7% share. Then came the Xpeng M03, representing 1.3% of the overall market and recording 163,082 deliveries.

BYD PHEV gains ground in November

November saw BYD gain ground in the global PHEV market. The brand occupied seven of the 10 top slots, up from five in October. The BYD Qin Plus led the way with 33,800 units sold, up by 21.9%, pushing its market share up by 0.8pp to 4.8%.

BYD’s Fang Cheng Bao Tai 7 came second after its sales kicked off in August. Its 24,019 deliveries gave it a share of 3.4%. This was 0.2pp ahead of the Aito M7 in third, which saw sales rocket by 70.6% to 22,892 units.

Meanwhile, the BYD Song Plus, also known as the Seal U, recorded a delivery drop of 40.1% to 21,858 units. This meant it claimed 3.1% of the market, down 2.2pp. With 21,002 deliveries, the BYD Seal 5 came fifth in its first month on the market, securing a 3% share. 

The BYD Seal 6 saw its sales decline by 45.2% to 16,627 units. Its grip on the market weakened form 4.4% in November 2024 to 2.4% a year later. The BYD Song Pro finished in seventh, following a delivery decline of 35.8% to 16,416 units. This meant its share slid by 1.4pp to 2.3%.

The Galaxy Starship 7, also known as the Starray, came eighth with 13,593 deliveries. It accounted for a 1.9% of all PHEV sales. The Galaxy A7 was ninth after first recording sales in June. It claimed a 1.8% share with 12,899 sales. The BYD Song L was 10th as its sales fell by 54.1% to 11,092 units. This meant its share hit 1.6%, down by 1.9pp.

BYD at the top

With no signs of movement, BYD took seven of the 10 top spots in the first 11 months of 2025.  Even with its monthly decline in November, the BYD Song Plus looked set to hold on to first place. The PHEV recorded 317,180 sales and a 4.6% market share between January and November.

This put it 0.8pp ahead of its second-place stablemate, the BYD Qin Plus, with 3.8% of the market. It recorded 262,315 sales between January and November. Third went to the BYD Song Pro with 210,961sales and a 3.1% share.

Not far behind was the BYD Seal with 3% and 205,251 deliveries. The BYD Qin L finished fifth with a 2.3% grip on the market and 158,380 sales. The Li Auto L6 was the first non-BYD model in the table. It was only 0.1pp behind in sixth, with 2.2% a share and 154,489 sales.

The close race continued with just 0.2pp separating seventh from 10th. The BYD Destroyer 05 came seventh with a 2% hold on the market and 137,930 units moved. The BYD Song L was eighth with a 1.9% share and 133,622 sales.

The Aito M8 saw 131,811 sales, meaning a 1.9% grip on the market. Then came the Galaxy Starship 7 in 10th, accounting for 1.8% of all PHEV sales and 124,291 units moved.

From concept car to on-road reality at the Brussels Motor Show

Concept cars remain a unique way to peek into future design languages and technological trends. But how has the premise surrounding them changed? Autovista24 special content editor Phil Curry examined the new ideas on display at the Brussels Motor Show.

The concept car is not a new idea, but in recent years, examples have been sparse. However, carmakers are bringing these standout designs back, with some basing their stands at motoring events around them.

The Brussels Motor Show saw the return of the concept car as a key focal point on some stands. But just how important are these models, and why are carmakers returning to the concept design philosophy?

An adaptable concept car

Citroën debuted its ELO concept car at the Brussels Motor Show. The model generated a lot of interest, especially with its prominent placement at the front of the brand’s stand.

Citroën ELO Concept Car presented at Brussels Motor Show 2026

Visitors were treated to a vibrant coloured car that matched its surroundings, as Citroën focused on the future. The brand has worked with Goodyear and Decathlon on the model. It integrated new technologies and designs to make the concept as practical as possible.

This means the ELO is not as far removed from reality as some concept cars of the past. It featured no autonomous driving functionality and steered away from impractical design elements. Instead, the 4.1-metre model brought practicality, both in its usefulness and build.

Citroën said: ‘fully in tune with the times, ELO is more than just a means of transport.’ It facilitates all aspects of life on the move, with work, leisure and relaxation its core themes.

The interior’s bold design may divide opinion, but behind the central driving position is a cabin that is highly adaptable. By positioning the driver in the middle of the cockpit, the ELO is ideal for both left and right-hand drive markets, while also freeing up space in the rest of the car.

Interior image of Citroën ELO Concept Car presented at Brussels Motor Show 2026

The driver’s seat can be rotated to allow for interaction with passengers when parked. Additional seating can be deployed to transport up to six people. These seats can be transformed into a sleeping space for two as well. Plus, a power supply allows the ELO to be used as a home away from home.

Sustainability at the core

The ELO also features a sustainable element. Citroën has changed the treatment process for materials such as polypropylene, boosting recyclability. By reimagining components already in use by Decathlon, Citroën further cut the ELO’s production costs and reduced its overall carbon footprint.

Furthermore, the model also allows drivers to save money on parts, with identical front and rear bumpers. This results in fewer new parts being manufactured, helping cut insurance costs and potentially lowering the total cost of ownership.

From concept car to reality

Hyundai unveiled its Concept Three at the IAA Mobility in 2025. At the Brussels Motor Show, the brand announced that the concept would become reality. It will form the basis of the new Ioniq 3, scheduled for launch later in 2026.

Hyundai Concept Three front end at Brussels Motor Show

The new model is unlikely to carry over all of the features of the Concept Three. Its front grill and tinted windows will likely change, while its interior lacks real-world practicality. However, there are elements and designs that could be included.

The shape and size of the model will translate into the Ioniq 3. It features several ideas that make it stand out to the next generation of drivers. Its Parametric Pixel lighting is expressive, with its Mr Pix character integrated throughout to offer ‘playful storytelling’ and interactive elements.

Powerful stance

Among the many models from Volkswagen (VW) Group at the Brussels Motor Show was the Audi Concept C. This all-electric two-seater sports highlights the brand’s new design philosophy. This is another important area that concept cars help to envisage.

Audi Concept C on display at Brussels Motor Show

The simplistic looks, wide stance, and front end that points to the grill, help it stand out. The light signature is expected to carry over into future Audi designs. The model’s stance and titanium colour present strength and power.

The Concept C comes at an important time for Audi. With the marque entering Formula 1 in 2026 as a constructor and engine builder, it is pushing its performance credentials.

Small but functional

Dacia brought its Hipster Concept to the halls of the Brussels Motor Show. The concept was another to be afforded a prominent placement on the brand’s stand. It attracted attention for its practicality and functionality.

The Dacia Hipster concept car presented at the Brussels Motor Show

Measuring just three metres in length, the small car looks as though it could soon go into production. It uses a seating layout that is already on offer in the Dacia Sandero. The concept has been designed to reduce both weight and costs.

The interior can be customised with owners purchasing add-on items, with YouClip anchor points allowing for additions.

The Hipster is a simplistic model that can be styled to the driver’s preference. Rather than a built-in infotainment system, a smartphone dock allows users to rely on their own devices. Audio is played through a portable Bluetooth speaker that is compatible with the YouClip system.

A different concept

The Citroën ELO, Hyundai Concept Three, Audi Concept C and Dacia Hipster Concept encapsulate the philosophy of today’s concept car. No longer is the future a standout design, which is impractical for everyday life. Today, concepts could easily go into production with a few amendments.

This may make them more attractive to motor show visitors. There is no thought of what could be, but instead a feeling of what they could own. The Concept Three, for example, joins the Renault 5 in moving from a design vision into reality. It draws potential buyers in by revealing what the finished product will likely resemble.

The gaming aspect

DS Automobiles presented the Taylor made No.4 Concept at the Brussels Motor Show. Its name is a nod to Formula E driver Taylor Barnard, who joined the DS Penske team for the 2025-2026 season.

DS Taylor made No.4 concept car rendering
Source: DS Automobiles

The concept is based on the No.4 model and was created to showcase the DS Performance Line. The model is inspired by Barnard’s preferences, with the colour, materials and finish modelled through his input. Inspired by gaming, with its contrasting shades and widebody stance, it created an imposing presence on the stand.

Opel brought its Corsa GSE Vision Gran Turismo concept to the show. This is not a new model, but it held a significant place on the carmaker’s stand. Elements of the design made their way to the new Opel Astra, which was unveiled in Brussels.

The Opel Corsa GSE Vision concept car, on a stand at the Brussels Motor Show 2026

Opel states that the concept represents the future of the GSE high-performance label. It also signifies the brand’s commitment to the small car sector, which is growing in popularity once again.

Merging the physical and gaming worlds, the model’s name is a nod to its inclusion in Gran Turismo 7. Players can experience the GSE Vision in the racing simulator, increasing the carmaker’s exposure.

The Brussels Motor Show highlighted that the experience of the concept car is continuing to change. No longer do they show what might be in the future. Now they present the potential of models today, either in the real world or in video games.

Which of the world’s automotive markets will electrify the fastest?

Is China’s lead insurmountable? Could Northern America make a comeback? What does the Automotive Package mean for Europe? How are the non-Triad markets faring? EV Volumes’ head of forecasting, Neil King, unpacks the latest predictions with Autovista24 editor Tom Geggus.

Covering passenger cars and light-commercial vehicles (LCVs), EV Volumes has stepped up its global light-vehicle market forecast. Data for 2025 is expected to confirm 92.7-million-unit sales, up by 4% year on year. This is compared with the 3.6% growth outlined in September’s forecast. 

EVs, including battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs), are predicted to make up 25.5% of these sales. This means approximately 23.7 million new plug-in vehicles will hit roads worldwide. Moving forward, improved outlooks in China, the non-Triad markets, and Europe offset the downgrade to Northern America.

The global electric vehicle (EV) share is forecast to reach 27.5% in 2026, 43.2% in 2030, 64.6% in 2035, and 83.2% in 2040. That said, budget pressures and policy shifts may threaten investment in incentives and charging infrastructure. Various legacy vehicle makers are reducing their EV targets. This has further weakened the outlook for EV adoption in Northern America.

China’s booming EV market

The EV boom has continued in China, with the plug-in share rising from 13.9% in 2021 to 44.3% in 2024. The market’s strength is supported by favourable total cost of ownership and increasingly competitive pricing.

Given economic headwinds, the Chinese government has focused on boosting domestic consumption, with additional support directed toward state-owned OEMs. The economic situation appears positive, with the OECD upgrading the 2025 GDP growth outlook for China to 5%.

Vehicle demand also remains resilient. EV Volumes has slightly upgraded its 2025 light-vehicle sales forecast to 27.8 million units, up 7.1% year on year. A scrappage programme was extended beyond the original January 2025 deadline. However, it has been suspended in several cities, which could disproportionately reduce demand for EVs given their higher bonus levels.

Additionally, in October 2025, China ended its national EV subsidy programme, as reported by Reuters. It also excluded new-energy vehicles (NEVs) from the list of strategic emerging industries in its latest five-year development plan. This includes EVs, extended-range electric vehicles (EREVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs).

While direct subsidies are gone, purchase tax exemptions remain in place, although they are expected to phase out by 2027. Also, some local governments still offer targeted incentives.

Targets to hit

In 2025, China set a target of approximately 15.5 million total NEV sales. The country also pledged to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 7% to 10% by 2035. This marked the nation’s first commitment to absolute emissions cuts.

PHEVs have taken an increasing share of the EV market. This rose from 18.3% in 2021 to 42.3% in 2024 and was largely due to strong sales of BYD and Li Auto EREVs.

While Chinese OEMs continue launching new PHEVs and EREVs, BEVs are regaining momentum, bolstered by aggressive discounting initiated by BYD. As such, BEVs are forecast to account for 61.2% of EV sales in 2025 and about two-thirds by 2031.

In China, EVs are forecast to represent 56.4% of all light-vehicle sales in 2025. This is set to increase to 76.4% in 2030, 89.7% in 2035, and 96.1% in 2040.

Forecast volumes are based on retail sales (not wholesales), excluding exports and inventory build-up. This explains the difference from the typically higher wholesale-based figures published by other agencies.

Barriers in Northern America

In Northern America, including the US and Canada, light-vehicle sales rose by 2.9% in 2024, following 12.4% growth in 2023. The EV share increased from 9.4% in 2023 to 10.2% in 2024. In contrast to China, the region’s electrification looks to have lost a lot of energy.

Last year saw multiple major influencing factors hit the region’s light-vehicle market. Canada saw funding for the iZEV programme run out in January, with BEV uptake falling and no replacement scheme announced. In March, the US government announced 25% import duties on vehicles. Then the ‘One Big Beautiful Bill’ act ended EV tax credits in September.

Ford dropped plans for several all-electric models in the US and is replacing the all-electric F-150 Lightning with an EREV version. It was not alone, with Stellantis making similar strategic shifts, TechCrunch reported. This points to a greater share of PHEVs and EREVs as manufacturers balance electrification with customer preferences and profitability pressures.

EV Volumes has slightly increased the 2025 light-vehicle sales forecast for Northern America to 18.2 million units. This is up 2% year on year. The EV share is now expected to reach 9.9% in 2025 and rise only modestly to 10.1% in 2026.

These small gains will be primarily supported by Canada and the rollout of more affordable models. This includes the standard versions of the Tesla Model 3 and Model Y. EV shares are then expected to climb to 20.9% in 2030, 39.3% in 2035, and 58.6% in 2040. This is well below the predicted global EV share of over 83.2% in 2040.

European market uncertainty

Western and Central Europe’s light-vehicle market grew by 1.7% year-on-year in 2024, following 14% growth in registrations in 2023. Changing goods tariffs, developments in Ukraine, and ongoing tensions in the Middle East have all created regional sales uncertainty. The possibility of higher inflation, oil prices, and energy costs could also lead to weaker private consumption.

However, the OECD‘s December 2025 economic outlook predicts that GDP in the Euro area will gain 1.3% in 2025. This is slightly higher than the September outlook, which anticipated 1.2% growth.

The EU proposed tariff reductions in August, enabling the EU-US trade agreement. This lowered duties on the automotive sector from 27.5% to 15%. The recently ratified EU-Mercosur and EU-Mexico free-trade agreements have also boosted the region’s automotive competitiveness.

Low rate of growth

EV Volumes forecasts that light-vehicle sales in Western and Central Europe will grow by 0.3% year-on-year in 2025. This is higher than in the September 2025 forecast, which projected a 1% decline. At 15 million units, this is far below the 18 million light vehicles registered in 2019.

EV Volumes does not expect the European market to return to 2019 levels within the current forecast horizon, up to 2040. A slight dip in demand is also expected in 2030 and 2035. Demand will likely be pulled forward into 2029 and 2034, triggered by the stricter EU emissions targets.

Stagnation in 2040 reflects the underlying cycle effect. Earlier peaks in replacement demand and fleet renewals unwind, and the market normalises after several years of elevated recovery volumes. Light-vehicle sales are expected to grow by 1.7% in 2026, hinging on a complex interplay of regulatory and economic factors.

EV Volumes forecasts that European EV sales will grow 30.2% year on year in 2025 to 3.99 million units. This means they will represent 26.6% of all light-vehicle sales.

BEV volumes are forecast to grow 28% year-on-year, accounting for 67.5% of all EV deliveries in 2025. PHEV sales are expected to increase by 35.1%. EVs will reach a 31.1% share of European light-vehicle sales in 2026 and 36.6% in 2027. This will be driven by new model launches, lower prices, and stricter emissions targets.

EU Automotive Package

In December 2025, the European Commission unveiled its Automotive Package. It introduced a revised CO2 reduction pathway and compliance mechanisms between 2030 and 2035.

Previously, carmakers had to cut tailpipe CO2 emissions of passenger vehicles by 100% by 2035. Under the proposal, they will instead need to reach a 90% reduction compared with 2021 levels. The remaining 10% will be offset through low-carbon steel, e-fuels, and biofuels. So, PHEVs, EREVs, FHEVs, mild hybrids, and even pure internal-combustion vehicles (ICE) could remain available beyond 2035.

The package also suggests greater flexibility for the 2030 target. Manufacturers could get a three-year compliance period between 2030 and 2032 to achieve the 55% emissions reduction. For LCVs, the 2030 CO2 reduction target would be eased from 50% to 40%, acknowledging slower electrification progress.

Additional proposed measures include mandatory zero and low-emission fleet share targets at the member-state level. There could also be updated labelling rules for EV range and energy consumption. ‘Super credits’ for small, affordable EVs produced in the EU are on the table too. A €1.8 billion battery support package is proposed to accelerate the European battery value chain as well.

The proposal remains subject to approval by both the EU Parliament and the EU Council. This means it is not reflected in EV Volumes forecast. However, if adopted as outlined, EVs may only account for between 55% and 60% of European light-vehicle sales by 2030. This would increase to between 80% and 85% by 2035. By 2040, this may hit between 90% and 95%.

These projections assume emissions balancing between 2030 and 2032 and continued alignment of national policies. Several markets, such as Norway, Sweden, and the Netherlands, are likely to maintain stricter targets. While currently committed to a 2030 ICE ban, the UK is expected to follow the EU’s revised framework.

Non-Triad measures

In non-Triad markets, EV volumes rose for the fourth consecutive year in 2024. This was thanks to greater product availability, stronger incentives, and lower import duties in selected countries. Combined EV sales reached 1.36 million units in 2024, up 34.2% year-on-year.

Light-vehicle sales managed the economic impact from US trade tariffs better than expected in 2025. However, EV Volumes has slightly decreased the 2025 light-vehicle sales growth forecast to 4.4%.

Indonesia introduced VAT exemption for low-emission vehicles in January and a reduced VAT rate thereafter. Japan increased the budget for EV subsidies under the Clean Vehicle Energy Subsidy Programme. India cut import duties for premium EVs as part of a new manufacturing programme in June.

Thailand revised its EV policy to encourage exports and prevent domestic oversupply. Each EV produced for export now counts as 1.5 units toward local production obligations.

In response to US tariffs, South Korea launched temporary stimulus measures. This includes financing support and higher EV subsidies. It is also planning additional tax exemptions for EVs. Accordingly, the EV share in non-Triad countries is forecast to reach 6.9% in 2025, hitting around 2.2 million units.

However, budget constraints driven by economic concerns may limit future incentive schemes. Several countries have introduced new tariffs on imported vehicles. This includes a 50% tariff in Mexico and up to 30% duties in Turkey. There will also be an end to incentives for imported, completely built-up BEVs in Indonesia.

The EV share is projected to reach 17% in 2030, 41.8% in 2035, and 76.8% in 2040. This generally lags the global adoption curve by about five years until 2035.

Inside the record-breaking Brussels Motor Show 2026

In the absence of the Geneva International Motor Show, carmaker and consumer attention has shifted to Brussels. With a fresh international focus, many brands used the event to premiere upcoming models. Autovista24 journalist Tom Hooker reviews the main talking points from the Brussels Motor Show.

With 67 brands and many global premieres, the Brussels Motor Show’s presence on the international stage is growing. It also plays host to the Car of the Year award, one of the industry’s most well-recognised accolades.

Despite its increasing stature, the Brussels Motor Show remains close to its roots. Historically a sales-focused event, it carries a heavy importance for the Belgian new-car market. Additionally, plenty of commercial vehicles and motorbikes are on display. This domestic and international proposition makes it stand out as an automotive event.

Premieres at Brussels Motor Show

Kia showed off four models at the Brussels Motor Show. One of these was the EV2, a B-segment crossover SUV. Positioned as the brand’s smallest and most affordable battery-electric vehicle (BEV) in Europe. It has an estimated WLTP driving range of up to 448km and will offer bi-directional vehicle-to-load (V2L) charging.

Kia EV2 at Brussels Motor Show
Source: Autovista24
BMS photo 2 alt text: Kia EV3 GT at Brussels Motor Show
Source: Kia
Kia EV4 GT at Brussels Motor Show
Source: Kia
Kia EV5 GT at Brussels Motor Show
Source: Kia
Hyundai Staria EV at Brussels Motor Show
Source: Autovista24
Hyundai Concept Three at Brussels Motor Show
Source: Hyundai

Production of the BEV will begin in the first quarter of 2026, with the standard-range model. This will be followed by a long-range version and a ‘GT Line’ variant, with market launches due to be announced closer to the start of sales.

The manufacturer’s other three reveals also derived from its GT model range. This included the EV3 GT, EV4 Hatchback GT and EV5 GT. Production of these three models will start in the second half of 2026.

Meanwhile, Hyundai presented the world premiere of the Hyundai Staria Electric, a BEV multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) with an 800-volt architecture. It will go on sale in Europe and Korea in the first half of 2026.

The MPV was joined by the Concept Three, which was confirmed as the precursor to the Ioniq 3. The model will be a compact BEV designed and produced in Europe. Elsewhere, the updated Ioniq 6, a mid-size BEV sedan, made its first European motor show appearance.

Mazda’s new BEV

Mazda unveiled the CX-6e at the Brussels Motor Show, a crossover BEV SUV. Claiming a WLTP range of up to 300 miles (482km), it is scheduled to launch in the UK this summer. Mazda also premiered its new CX-5, the third generation of the brand’s best-selling model.

Two Toyota Hilux models at Brussels Motor Show
Source: Toyota
Suzuki E-Vitara driving on a road
Source: Suzuki
Subaru e-Outback at Brussels Motor Show
Source: Autovista24
Subaru Uncharted at Brussels Motor Show
Source: Autovista24
Isuzu D-Max at Brussels Motor Show
Source: FEBIAC

Elsewhere, the Toyota Hilux marked its European debut at the show. The ninth generation of the model will be offered for the first time as a BEV from April 2026.

It will also be available as a hybrid from July 2026, which Toyota claims will be the volume-selling model. Additionally, petrol and diesel versions will be offered in selected markets.

Meanwhile, Suzuki’s E-Vitara enjoyed its European premiere. The SUV is the carmaker’s first BEV, which it hopes will be a brand turning point. Meanwhile, Isuzu hosted the European premiere of the new D-Max pick-up, fitted with a newly developed diesel engine.

Subaru held the European premiere of the e-Outback and Uncharted. The latter is the brand’s first compact BEV SUV. It will be available in both all-wheel drive and front-wheel drive, with a range of up to 600km for the long-range version.

Chinese premieres at Brussels Motor Show

BYD showcased the Atto 2 DM-i at the Brussels Motor Show. The compact plug-in hybrid (PHEV) SUV offers a WLTP combined range of up to 1,000km. First deliveries of the model are expected early this year.

BYD Atto 2 DM-i at Brussels Motor Show
Source: Autovista24
Leapmotor B03X outside
Source: Leapmotor
Leapmotor B10 parked on a road
Source: Leapmotor
MGS6 EV parked on sand
Source: MG

Leapmotor unveiled the B03X for the first time in Europe, a B-segment BEV SUV. It is the carmaker’s first model to be developed on a new global platform. It also showcased the B05, a C-segment hatchback, featuring a WLTP range of 460km.

The marque also expanded its B10 powertrain to include an extended-range electric vehicle (EREV), capable of a 900km combined range. SAIC-owned MG held the European Premiere of its S6. The electric C-segment SUV is available with a single or dual motor, offering a WLTP range of up to 301 miles (529km).

More market entrants

Also enjoying a European premiere was KGM’s Actyon Hybrid, a D-segment SUV. Xpeng also celebrated a continental debut with the P7+, the brand’s first AI-defined vehicle. The 800-volt BEV fastback with a WLTP range of 530km will be produced by Magna Steyr in Austria.

KGM Actyon Hybrid at Brussels Motor Show
Source: Autovista24
Xpeng P7+ on snow road
Source: Xpeng

Zeekr arrived with the 7GT, a D-segment BEV. The station wagon boasts an electric range of up to 655km in the long-range rear-wheel drive version. Meanwhile, the all-wheel drive variant accelerates from 0-100kph in 3.3 seconds.

Nio used the Brussels Motor Show to announce its Belgian market entrance with the ET5 Touring and EL6 First Editions. Livan presented the X6 Pro, a petrol-powered SUV.

European premieres at Brussels Motor Show

Peugeot chose the Brussels Motor Show as the place to host the world premiere of the new 408. The C-segment sedan is available as a BEV, PHEV and mild hybrid. The all-electric version offers V2L capabilities and a WLTP range of 456km.

Peugeot 408 at Brussels Motor Show
Source: Autovista24
Opel Astra Sports Tourer at Brussels Motor Show
Source: Autovista24
Citroen ELO concept car at Brussels Motor Show
Source: FEBIAC
Fiat 500 Hybrid driving on a road
Source: Stellantis

Fellow Stellantis brand Opel held a world premiere for the new generation of the Opel Astra and Astra Sports Tourer. The former will be available as a combustion engine, a hybrid, a PHEV and a BEV. The all-electric version of the Astra boasts a WLTP range of 454km.

Citroën’s centrepiece was the premiere of the ELO concept car. The model is built on an electric architecture and can seat up to six people. The interior can be turned into a sleeping space for two people, a home cinema, or a power supply.

DS Automobiles threw the covers off the N°4 Concept. The model was designed by the DS Design Studio and DS Penske Formula E Team driver Taylor Barnard.

Lancia used the Brussels Motor Show as a chance to outline the main projects behind the brand’s relaunch strategy. The carmaker has a particular focus on product and commercial development across European markets. Additionally, the Fiat 500 Hybrid made its international debut in Brussels.

Award winners

One of the highlights of the Brussels Motor Show was the Car of the Year award. A panel of senior motoring journalists across 23 countries voted between seven new models. The winner was the Mercedes-Benz CLA, followed by the Skoda Elroq and Kia EV4.

Mercedes-Benz CLA at Brussels Motor Show
Source: FEBIAC
Mercedes-Benz GLB at Brussels Motor Show
Source: Autovista24
Porsche Cayenne Electric at Brussels Motor Show
Source: Autovista24
Porsche Macan GTS at Brussels Motor Show.
Source: FEBIAC

Mercedes-Benz also held the world premiere of the GLB at the event. The SUV launched with two BEV variants that feature 800-volt technology and a WLTP range of up to 631km. The GLB also has vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-home (V2H) charging capabilities. An entry-level model is planned, as well as a hybrid version.

Porsche revealed two European premieres, the Cayenne Electric and the Macan GTS. The former is the most powerful Porsche ever, reaching 0-100kph in 2.4 seconds.

Ford held the world premiere of its facelifted Ranger pick-up truck at the Brussels Motor Show. The brand’s BlueCruise’ hands-free autonomous driving feature has been added to the model. The updated Ranger is scheduled to begin deliveries in May 2026.

Ford Ranger PHEV at Brussels Motor Show
Source: FEBIAC
Tesla on a city road.
Source: Tesla

Meanwhile, Tesla hosted the European premiere of the Model 3 Standard. The BEV is the carmaker’s affordable model to date, with a WLTP range of 534km.

What do UK BEV sales reveal about the 2025 ZEV mandate?

The UK’s new-car market ended 2025 with growth. But what happened with battery-electric vehicle (BEV) deliveries? Did they reveal a zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) mandate problem? Autovista24 special content editor Phil Curry reviews the numbers.

The UK’s new-car market ended 2025 well, growing 3.9% year on year in December, according to data from the SMMT. In total, 146,249 passenger cars were delivered to customers in the month, 5,463 units more than in December 2024.

December was the sixth month of improvement for the UK market last year. With a uniform mix of ups and downs, 2025 provided a mixed reception for new cars. Internal-combustion engine (ICE) popularity dropped, the full-hybrid (HEV) sector slowed, and BEVs were polarising.

However, the overall picture of 2025 was one of positivity. For the first time since 2020, the market achieved over two million registrations across the 12-month period. In total, 2,020,520 new cars were registered, a 3.5% improvement against 2024.

But with challenges continuing, will the country’s new-car momentum continue, and can potential new-car buyers be inspired in the year ahead? 

A complex picture

While the figures are encouraging, the UK’s automotive industry encountered a number of hurdles last year. Many of these related to electric vehicles (EVs), as the government sought to encourage uptake, while evening the tax balance.

The ZEV mandate required 28% of a carmaker’s fleet sold last year to be either battery-electric or hydrogen fuel-cell powered. Having come into effect in 2024, this target increases from 22%. This year, carmakers will need to reach 33%.

Earlier in 2025, the UK government made amendments to the mandate, reducing the penalties for missing targets and increasing flexibility. However, it appears this was not enough.

BEVs only made up 23.4% of all registrations, revealing the market as a whole was still behind. This was further away than the 2024 result, with a 19.6%. With both years indicating shortcomings, what does this mean for 2026 and the future of the legislation?

BEV incentives not helping

To help boost BEV uptake, a new incentives programme, the Electric Car Grant, was launched in July, with up to £3,750 (€4,330) being offered against eligible models. However, many options did not meet the requirements for this maximum discount, instead qualifying for the lower £1,500 band.

In late August, the Ford Puma Gen-E and Ford E-Tourneo Courier were the first models to make the top grade.

Since then, just six other models have met the requirements for the maximum discount. Meanwhile, 38 derivatives now sit in the second band. This includes cars from Volkswagen Group, Kia, Renault Group and Stellantis.

The SMMT highlighted that more than 160 BEVs could be purchased at the end of 2025. Therefore, 28.8% of available BEVs were eligible for the Electric Car Grant, and only 5% qualified for the maximum subsidies.

This meant manufacturers continued to shoulder the burden of driving up demand, especially to meet the ZEV-mandated target. According to the SMMT, carmakers subsidised BEV sales themselves by more than £5 billion, equivalent to around £11,000 per unit.

A future shock?

While a push for electrification intensified last year, there were also many mixed messages. In April, BEV models became eligible for vehicle excise duty (VED). This meant that drivers are required to pay £10 for their vehicle’s first year of registration, then £195 a year after.

Exemption from the Expensive Car Supplement was scrapped, although the threshold was later raised from £40,000 to £50,000 for BEVs. From the second year of registration, models receive an additional annual tax of £425. This is on top of the standard rate for five years.

In the November Budget, plans for a ‘pay-per-mile’ scheme for BEVs and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs) was announced. eVED is set to come into effect in 2028 and will see all-electric models pay 3p per mile, while PHEVs will be charged 1.5p. However, these vehicles will also be paying fuel duty, making their overall rate per mile much higher.

From the start of 2026, BEV drivers must also pay London’s congestion charge, from which they were previously exempt.

Ban ahead

These changes come as the EU is looking to push back its 2035 ban on new petrol and diesel car sales. Its earlier targets could also be more flexible, with banking and borrowing allowed between 2030 and 2032

According to Auto Express, the UK government plans to stick to its plans for a new-car petrol and diesel ban from 2030. Yet, with lacking BEV registrations and tax changes likely to put a strain on demand, further consideration may be needed.

‘Rising EV uptake is an undoubted positive, but the pace is still too slow and the cost to industry too high. Government has stepped in with the Electric Car Grant, but a new EV tax, additional charges for EV drivers in London and costly public charging send mixed signals,’ commented SMMT chief executive Mike Hawes.

‘Given developments abroad, government should bring forward its review and act urgently to deliver a vibrant market, a sustainable industry and an investment proposition that keeps the UK at the forefront of global competition,’ he added.

BEV growth misses the mark

Despite the rollercoaster of announcements, BEVs ended 2025 with solid growth. In total, 473,348 units were delivered to customers, a rise of 23.9% compared to the same period in 2024. This equated to an increase of 91,378 units, according to Autovista24 calculations of SMMT figures.

The 23.4% BEV market share was up by 3.8 percentage points (pp) year on year. However, this indicated below the 28% required of carmakers by the ZEV mandate. Since the first eligible vehicles for the Electric Car Grant were announced in August, this share has increased by just 0.8pp. Yet growth slowed, dropping from 29.5% across the first eight months of 2025 to the 23.9% recorded after 12 months.

December saw a registration improvement of 8%, with 47,139 BEVs taking to UK roads in the month. This was enough for a 32.2% market share, up by 1.2pp. This was the second consecutive month of single-digit growth, following a 3.6% rise in November.

The monthly results may be skewed by a pull-forward effect from the previous year. Carmakers rushed registrations into 2024, as they sought to meet the ZEV mandate requirement of 22%. With stricter penalties for missing this target, numbers in November and December 2024 may have been inflated. This makes the comparison with this year’s figures imbalanced.

Standout performance from PHEVs

In terms of volume growth, the best powertrain performance of 2025 came from PHEVs. With a 34.7% rise across the 12-month period, 225,143 units made their way to customers. This was 57,965 more registrations than the whole of 2024.

The result meant the powertrain’s market share remained stable from November’s year-to-date result at 11.1%. This was up by 2.5pp year on year.

In December, PHEVs proved to be the standout powertrain. Volumes grew by 32.9% in the month, with 16,898 units delivered. This was enough for an 11.6% share of total registrations, up 2.6pp year on year.

This growth is especially impressive considering PHEVs are not eligible for the Electric Car Grant. Yet volumes were still some way off from BEV totals.

Combining BEVs and PHEVs, the EV market saw growth of 27.2% in 2025, with 698,491 registrations. This gave it a 34.6% share of the market, up 6.5pp.

In December, EV deliveries increased by 13.6% to 64,037 units, giving the technology a 43.8% market share. This 3.8pp increase allowed the technology to beat ICE registrations for the first time, albeit by just 0.2pp. However, EVs have closed the gap from a 26.2pp difference since January. Should this continue, the UK will start 2026 with a shift in powertrain dynamics.

Hybrid slowdown continues

While EVs powered forward in 2025, HEVs saw slower sales growth. Unlike other major European markets, the UK does not combine full and mild-hybrid (MHEVs) models into one category. Instead, MHEVs are included within their respective petrol and diesel markets.

At the end of 2025, HEVs represented 13.9% of total registrations across the year. Volumes grew by 7.2%, with 280,185 units taking to UK roads.

This performance meant that over the 12 months of the year, HEVs were just 2.8pp ahead of PHEVs in terms of market share. This gap has narrowed slowly across the year, a trend that could continue into 2026.

In December, HEVs accounted for 18,430 registrations, up 3% year on year. This gave the powertrain a 12.6% market share, down by 0.1pp compared to the same month in 2024.

Adding HEVs to the EV total, the electrified market ended the year with 978,676 registrations, an improvement of 20.7% year on year. Despite a 6.9pp increase, their 48.4% share was not enough to topple ICE.

However, in December, electrified deliveries outperformed ICE for the fourth consecutive month, accounting for 56.4% of all registrations. With an 11% jump and 82,467 units leaving dealerships, this sets up the UK market for electrified dominance in 2026.

Petrol and diesel struggle again

Petrol deliveries were down by 8% across the 12 months, with 937,938 registrations. This was 81,190 units below its tally in 2024. The powertrain still dominated the UK new-car market, with a 46.4% share of deliveries, but this was down by 5.8pp year on year.

Diesel’s decline continued, with just 103,906 registrations, a 15.6% fall compared to 2024. In total, 19,198 fewer units were delivered to customers. The technology’s 5.1% market share was down by 1.2pp.

In December, petrol registrations fell by 3.1%, with 57,607 units making their way to customers. This was enough for a 39.4% market share, down 2.8pp. There was just 7.2pp between petrol and BEVs in terms of share, the closest the two powertrains have been all year.

Yet this may also have more to do with market manipulation in December 2024 than BEVs proving more popular. In that month, carmakers likely held back petrol deliveries to help them meet their BEV targets. This resulted in a 20.9% drop in registrations for the fuel type, their biggest fall since June 2022.

Diesel suffered a 12.5% decline in December, with 6,175 deliveries. This was good enough for a 4.2% market share, down 0.8pp.

Is ICE dominance over?

The ICE market ended 2025 as the dominant force in terms of volumes. In total, 1,041,844 petrol and diesel models were registered, down 8.8% year on year. The group still led the market with a 51.6% share, although this was down by 6.9pp.

Yet the ICE market seems to have finally run out of fuel. It was beaten by EVs and electrified models in December. 63,782 UCE units were registered, a 4.1% decline. This gave the powertrain group a 43.6% share, down 3.6pp compared to the same month in 2024.

If 2026 begins as 2025 ended, the year will see a shake-up in powertrain dynamics for the UK market. ICE will no longer dominate, with EVs and electrified models out ahead. But with tax changes and confusion over the electrification direction, 2026 may be a rollercoaster for the country’s new-car market.  

Wuling Mini records outstanding global BEV market triumph

The Wuling Mini led the global battery-electric vehicle (BEV) market in October 2025. Does this mean there is a new contender for the throne this year? Autovista24 editor Tom Geggus analyses the latest data from EV Volumes.

Globally, sales of new BEVs reached 1,371,557 units in October 2025, equating to year-on-year growth of 28.8%. Throughout the first 10 months of the year, the growth was even more pronounced, up by 32.7%. This meant 11,124,595 new all-electric cars took to roads across the world.

Plug-in hybrid (PHEV) deliveries increased by 22.4% across the same time period, with 6,185,446 units moved across the world. In October, it only recorded growth of 7.8% with 752,358 sales recorded.

China’s slowing PHEV market

Much of this year’s downturn has fed through from China. The country accounted for 71.8% of all PHEV sales between January and October. In the first 10 months of 2024, the country saw deliveries of the technology grow by 84.1% year on year. Across the same period this year, this growth rate was down to 18.7%.

So far, 2025 has seen a more stable performance from BEVs. After a comparatively slower January, year-on-year growth accelerated in February to 56.9%, before hitting 25.2% in May and stabilising.

While most of the world’s all-electric cars were sold in China, it was a lower percentage than PHEVs at 59.5%. However, this might have been to the powertrain’s detriment, as the country saw BEV sales increase by 37.2% year-on-year. This was an improvement from the 15.3% growth recorded at the same time last year.

The country’s accelerating all-electric car market was also reflected in the best-selling models’ table. Eight of the top 10 BEVs came from Chinese brands in the first 10 months of 2025. In October, a model from the country even managed to take first place.

Wuling Mini takes first

In October, the Wuling Mini was able to dethrone the long-standing market leader, the Tesla Model Y. It saw sales increase by 78.8%, with 61,139 units hitting the roads. This meant it made up 4.5% of all new BEV sales in the month, 1.3 percentage points (pp) from October 2024.

Meanwhile, the Tesla Model Y saw its sales slip by 3.9pp to 4.1%, putting it in second place. Its fortunes were reversed compared to the Wuling Mini, with sales down by 34.7% year on year to 55,920 units.

The Geely Geome Xingyuan, also known as the EX2 in some markets, finished third in October. Its sales soared by 192.7% to 44,289 units. This meant its market share grew by 1.8pp to 3.2%.

Not far behind was the BYD Seagull, also known as the Dolphin Surf. While it also accounted for 3.2% of the global BEV market, this was down 2pp as its sales dropped by 20.6% to 43,575 units.

New entrants enjoy success

With its first sales recorded in June this year, the Xiaomi YU7 has performed very well. It came fifth in the global ranking, taking a 2.5% market share. Entering the market at roughly the same time, the BYD Sea Lion 06 finished sixth. It managed 24,800 deliveries and a 1.8% share.

The Wuling Bingo Plus came seventh as its deliveries surged forward by 381.8% to 24,462 units. This meant it represented 1.8% of all BEV sales, up from 0.5% at the same point 12 months ago.

The Tesla Model 3 slipped back down the table as the brand’s quarterly reporting pattern strained results. This trend could not be blamed entirely. Compared with October 2024, it still saw sales fall by 15.1% to 23,220 units. The sedan represented 1.7% of global BEV sales, down from its 2.6% share from 12 months ago.

The BYD Yuan Up, also known as the Atto 2, came ninth, with 23,040 sales, up by 12.3%. However, with increasing market competition, the model saw its market share fall by 0.2pp to 1.7%. The BYD Dolphin came 10th, as its deliveries slipped by 3.8% to 21,319 units. It represented 1.6% of all BEV sales, down 0.5pp.

Wuling Mini looks to podium

While other models have been gaining ground, the Tesla Model Y continued to rule over the BEV leader board. Between January and October, the crossover recorded a 7.8% share with 862,645 sales.

Its sibling, the Tesla Model 3, held less than half the market share and sales in second. It saw 392,799 deliveries in the first 10 months of 2025, taking a 3.5% share. The Geely Geome Xingyuan held steady, as it also made up 3.5% of global BEV volumes. It was less than 5,000 units behind, after recording 387,803 sales.

With its record October, the Wuling Mini moved up a place, gaining ground on the top three. It posted 348,221 sales between January and October, taking a 3.1% share. With 336,153 deliveries, the BYD Seagull was not far behind, representing 3% of all BEVs sold.

The Xiaomi SU7 held sixth with a 2.1% share and 234,914 sales. The BYD Yuan Plus, also known as the Atto 3, was next. It captured 1.8% of the market thanks to 198,252 deliveries. Its sibling, the BYD Yuan Up, was less than a thousand units behind with 197,363 sales and a 1.8% share.

With a 1.7% share, the BYD Dolphin managed 184,066 sales in the first 10 months of 2025. The Xpeng M03 took 10th, as it moved 148,236 units for a 1.3% share.

BYD’s new brand

BYD took five spots in the top 10 best-selling PHEVs list in October. The BYD Qin Plus saw sales increase by 30.1% to 36,037 units, giving it a market 4.8% share, up 0.8pp. The BYD Song Plus, also known as the Seal U, came second. However, its deliveries fell by 27.9% to 31,885 units. This meant its market share slumped by 2.1pp to 4.2%.

The BYD Seal 6 finished third after also seeing a decline in sales. With 20,909 units making their way to customers, the model hit a market share of 2.8%, down from 5.6% 12 months ago. BYD’s sub-brand, Fang Cheng Bao, saw its Tai 7 model reach fourth after first recording deliveries in August. It represented 2.7% of the global PHEV market.

Meanwhile, the BYD Song Pro saw a sales decline of 45.4% to 19,396 units. This meant it claimed a 2.6% share, down 2.5pp. The Aito M7 was next as its sales grew by 20.3% to 18,200 units. Its grip on the market strengthened by 0.2pp to 2.4%. Its sibling, the Aito M8, was next with a 2.3% share. The model first recorded deliveries in April this year and reached 17,484 units in October.

The Galaxy A7 was next with a 2.1% market share. It first hit the market in June, reaching a new best in October with 15,888 sales and a 2.1% share. The BYD Qin L also hit a 2.1% share, although this was down by 3.5pp. The model saw sales drop by 60.4% to 15,586 units. With sales first recorded in June, the Chery Fengyun A9 came 10th with a 1.8% share and 13,378 deliveries.

Seven places for BYD

Between January and October, BYD claimed seven of the top 10 best-selling PHEV positions. The BYD Song Plus remained in first place with a 4.8% share of the market and 294,401 sales.

The BYD Qin Plus was next with a 3.7% share and 228,515 deliveries. Then came the BYD Song Pro in third with 194,645 sales, claiming 3.1% of the PHEV market. The Seal 6 was next with a 3% share and 188,479 sales. The BYD Qin L came fifth with 148,380 deliveries and a 2.4% share.

The Li Auto L6 was not far behind, representing 2.3% of all PHEV sales with 144,882 deliveries. Then BYD returned in seventh with the Destroyer 05, also known as the Seal 05. It captured 2.1% of the market with 131,005 sales.

The BYD Song L was next with a 2% share and 122,530 units hitting the roads. The Aito M8 was in hot pursuit with 121,811 sales, holding 2% of the market. The Galaxy Starship 7, also known as the Starray, came 10th with a 1.8% share and 110,698 deliveries.

PHEV market slowdown sees new model high in China

China saw another month of low plug-in hybrid (PHEV) improvement, as new models made gains on established players. Moreover, with battery-electric vehicle (BEV) deliveries rising, is the country’s electric vehicle (EV) market becoming more diverse? Autovista24 special content editor Phil Curry investigates.

China’s tale of two markets continued in October. BEV deliveries jumped while the PHEV slowdown continued. The month saw 928,863 BEV sales, up 36.6% compared to October 2024, according to the latest figures from EV Volumes.

Meanwhile, the 577,940 PHEV volume reflected just a 4.2% increase. EV Volumes does include extended-range electric vehicles in its plug-in hybrid figures. The result means that in October, BEVs made up 61.6% of the total EV market, while PHEVs accounted for 38.4%.

Across the first half of 2025, PHEVs enjoyed a double-digit improvement. But since July, the powertrain has struggled to exceed mid-single-digit figures.

Across the first 10 months of 2025, 6,620,049 BEVs were sold in China, a 37.2% improvement year on year. However, despite increases, the PHEV market’s growth slowed. The 4,443,977-unit total between January and October was up by 18.7%, but dropped from a much greater cumulative improvement earlier in the year.

Wuling dominates BEV sales

The Wuling Mini dominated the Chinese BEV market in October. In a rollercoaster year for the model, it took control of the market with 61,119 sales. This was a 78.8% year-on-year improvement, as the model pushed for top spot in the cumulative table. It took a 6.6% market share in the month, up 1.6 percentage points (pp).

The Wuling Mini was 16,880 units ahead of its closest rival, the Geely Geome Xingyuan. The Geely model saw 44,239 sales, a 192.4% increase against its first meaningful month on the Chinese market in 2024. This was enough for a 4.8% market share, up 2.6pp compared to 12 months prior.

Third went to the BYD Seagull, with 36,604 sales in October. Despite the high placing, this was a drop of 28.6% from October 2024, when it led the monthly standings. The model was a consistent mid-table performer across the first 10 months of the year. Yet, its 3.9% market share in October was 3.6pp down year on year.

In just its fifth month on the market, the Xiaomi YU7 took fourth. This was thanks to a record total of 33,662 sales, as the model continues to ramp up deliveries. It accounted for 3.6% of all BEV sales in China in October.

It was followed by the BYD Seal Lion 06, with 24,800 units. This was the model’s first placement in China’s top 10 BEV list. Since hitting the market halfway through this year, it took a 2.7% hold of the market in the month.

Tesla struggles in China

Also making its way into the top 10 for the first time was the Wuling Bingo Plus. Despite seeing its sales begin in March 2024, the model passed the five-digit volume mark for the first time. With 24,448 units, this represented a 382% year-on-year increase and a 2.6% market share.  

The BYD Yuan Up took seventh, with 19,813 units representing a 2% decline year on year. Its 2.1% market share was 0.9pp down compared to October 2024. The Tesla Model Y dropped to eighth in October, its worst volume month since February. The result followed its quarterly delivery boost in September.

While it performed well in July, its April and October figures suggest a similar trend as seen in Europe. Severe sales drops have followed high periods. It saw 19,488 sales in October and a 46.2% decline compared to the same month last year. This left it with 2.1% of the market, a 3.2pp drop.

Ninth went to the Changan Lumin, with 18,755 units equating to a 10.1% increase. However, its 2% market share was 0.5pp down year on year. Rounding out the table was the Deepal S05, with 18,169 units, and a 1,414.1% increase year on year. However, its deliveries were still ramping up 12 months ago.

Race to the end

After 10 months of 2025, the Geely Geome Xingyuan remained in the lead of the Chinese BEV market. With 387,753 units, it looks set to end the year as the best-selling all-electric model in the country. However, this is not without a challenge.

Jumping into second place, after two months of monthly market-leading performances, was the Wuling Mini. With 348,111 units, it held 5.3% of the market. The Mini was only 39,642 units behind the Geely. The gap may seem large, but a slow month from its rival could provide a small chance of victory.

The Tesla Model Y dropped to third after its poor October performance. In the first 10 months of 2025, it recorded 312,331 sales. It ended the period with a 4.7% market share and a 35,780-unit gap to the Wuling Mini. With its quarterly reporting pattern, the carmaker could still jump into second with a strong December.

New models push forward

The following three models remained stable from September. The BYD Seagull was fourth with 282,740 units, followed by the Xiaomi SU7 in fifth, with 234,521 deliveries. Sixth went to the BYD Yuan Up, with 178,420 units and a 2.7% market share.

Seventh saw a change, with the Xpeng M03 moving up the table thanks to 148,236 units. It overtook the Tesla Model 3, which dropped to eighth, having not featured in October’s top 10. Between January and October, it achieved 146,379 sales, with a 2.2% share of the overall BEV total.

Ninth went to the Changan Lumin thanks to a strong result in October. With 142,163 sales, it took 2.1% of the market. Rounding out the table was the Geely Panda Mini, with 140,434 deliveries in the 10-month period. 

New entrant features in PHEV market

The BYD Qin Plus once again topped the monthly PHEV chart, with 35,096 units delivered in October. This was a 29.5% increase year on year. The Qin Plus was the first of five BYD models in China’s PHEV top 10 for the month. However, it was the only one to achieve growth.

Despite sales dropping 50.1% year on year, the BYD Song Plus took second, with 20,613 units sold. This translated to a 3.6% share of the total PHEV market, a drop of 3.9pp.

In third was the Fang Cheng Bao Tai 7, with 20,024 sales. This was just 589 units behind the popular BYD Song Plus. Considering the PHEV began large-volume deliveries in the previous month, this was an impressive performance. The boxy SUV is making its mark in China’s slowing PHEV market, and took 3.5% of total deliveries in the month.

Taking fourth was the BYD Seal 6, with 19,355 units. However, this was a big drop for a model, with volumes down 49.2% year on year. It captured 3.3% of overall PHEV sales, down 3.6pp.

BYD struggles continue

A pair of Aito models came next, with the M7 taking 18,199 sales, a 20.3% rise compared to October 2024. With 3.1% of the market, its share increased by 0.4pp. Following this was the Aito M8, with 17,484 deliveries in its seventh month on the Chinese market. This was enough for a 3% market share.

The Galaxy A7, in its fifth month on sale, achieved 15,888 deliveries with a 2.7% hold of total volumes in seventh. Another pair of BYD models followed in eighth and ninth, with the BYD Song Pro and BYD Qin L, respectively. Both saw large sales declines compared to October 2024.

The Song Pro achieved 15,758 deliveries, a 50.4% fall, with a 3pp drop in market share to 2.7%. The Qin L fell further, down 60.4% to 15,586 units. This was also a 2.7% hold of the total PHEV market, down from 7.1% a year prior.

Closing out the table was the Chery Fengyun A9, in its fifth month on the market. It achieved 13,378 sales and a 2.3% market share.

Clear at the PHEV summit

The cumulative PHEV top 10 remained fairly static. Despite its struggles, BYD filled the top five places and seven of the top 10 positions.

The BYD Qin Plus kept hold of the top spot, with 218,509 units and a 4.9% market share. As the only BYD model in October’s chart to make year-on-year gains, its momentum could carry it forward.

The BYD Seal 06 held second with 175,577 sales between January and October. This gave it a 4% share of total PHEV volumes. The model was 42,932 units behind the Qin Plus, a gap that continues to widen.

Next was the Song Plus, with 170,377 deliveries in the first 10 months of the year. It closed the gap to second in October, with just 5,200 units between it and the Seal 6.

The BYD Song Pro was next, with 154,001 sales and a 3.5% market share. Following this was the BYD Qin L, which jumped a position to fifth with 148,380 deliveries cumulatively. This was good enough for a 3.3% market share.

Good results help strugglers

Having only placed 18th in October’s sales figures, the Li Auto L6 lost ground to the BYD Qin L, dropping to sixth after 10 months of the year. Its 144,406 total for the period equated to a 3.2% market share.

The BYD Song L, which ended October in 11th, followed the L6 in the cumulative table. A total of 122,029 units was good enough for seventh, with a 2.7% market share. Both the L6 and the Song L are holding on thanks to good performances earlier in 2025.

However, the Aito M8 continued its rapid approach. Despite having only become available this year, it held eighth with 121,811 units. This was just 218 deliveries behind the BYD model, while it matched its 2.7% market share.

The BYD Destroyer 05 was ninth, with 111,617 sales between January and October. The model placed 23rd in the monthly sales figures. Rounding out the cumulative table was the Galaxy Starship 7. Its 110,115-unit tally gave it a 2.5% market share.

Tesla and Togg battle it out in Turkey’s booming BEV market

As Turkey’s electric vehicle (EV) market grows, a domestic carmaker is taking the battery-electric vehicle (BEV) fight to Tesla. But which BEV and plug-in hybrid (PHEV) models have been driving the country’s electrification in 2025? James Roberts, Autovista24 web editor, assesses the latest data from EV Volumes.

Between January and October, 183,748 new BEVs and PHEVs took to Turkey’s roads, according to EV Volumes data. This is compared with 68,309 units in the first 10 months of 2024, ensuring a year-on-year increase of 154%.

Of the two powertrains, all-electric cars made up 79.7% of all EV deliveries in the country. In total, 146,511 new BEVs entered the Turkish market, up from 68,309 between January and October 2024. This equated to a 114.5% volume increase.

Despite holding a smaller share of Turkey’s EV market, PHEV popularity significantly increased in 2025. This trend has gathered momentum since January 2024, and deliveries of the powertrain have hit monthly triple-digit figures ever since.

Between January and October, 37,237 PHEVs entered Turkey. This was up by a huge 820.3% from just 4,046 units across the same period in 2024.

Beguiling BEV market battle

After the first 10 months of 2025, the fight for top spot in Turkey’s BEV market proved a close one. In 2023 and 2024, domestic manufacturer Togg ended the year with the best-selling BEV in the country: the Togg T10X. In 2023, 2024, and so far this year, its closest rival has been the Tesla Model Y.

In the cumulative standings, the Model Y pulled ahead with 27,420 deliveries, compared with the Togg T10X’s 23,754 sales. The two models made up 18.7% and 16.2% of the overall Turkish BEV market, respectively.

Assessing October in isolation, Togg headed the BEV market with not one, but two models. The month saw the meteoric rise of the T10F. In just its second month on the market, it reached the BEV summit with 2,532 deliveries.

The T10F was followed by stablemate, the T10X, with 1,623 units, down a significant 47.5% year on year. With 871 deliveries and a 6% market share, the Volvo EX30 rounded out the top three.

Between January and October, Togg sold the most BEVs in Turkey. The homegrown manufacturer accumulated 27,480 sales, according to EV Volumes. Tesla emerged just 60 units behind with 27,420 all-electric cars sold.

Kia best of the rest

Behind the Tesla and Togg duel, Kia followed with its EV3. The Korean SUV has performed well since its Turkish debut in November 2024. In the opening 10 months of 2025, the BEV has recorded 6,786-unit sales and taken a 4.6% market share.

Following the EV3 was the first of three BYD models, namely the Yuan Plus. The Chinese BEV held 3.7% of the market with 5,467 units. Meanwhile, BYD took eighth and 10th place with the Seal U and Dolphin, respectively.

The KG Torres held fifth place in Turkey’s BEV rankings. The SUV has performed well since first recording sales in the market in April 2024. In the first 10 months of this year, it posted 4,888 deliveries, according to EV Volumes data. Just 752 units behind came the Mini Countryman, with 4,163 sales and a 2.8% market share.

BYD dominate Turkey’s PHEV market

In Turkey, BYD has also enjoyed irresistible PHEV dominance in the first 10 months of 2025. While the company sells a range of BEVs in the country, it currently only offers one PHEV: the Seal U. It first saw sales in April 2024 and has gone on to command Turkey’s new PHEV market. EV Volumes does include extended-range electric vehicles in its PHEV figures.

The Seal U accounted for 53.5% of all PHEV sales in the country, with 19,920 sales between January and October. This eclipsed the nearest challenger, the Volvo XC90. It posted with 2,751 units and accounted for 7.4% of the market, according to EV Volumes data.

Last year, BYD announced plans to invest the equivalent of $1 billion in a factory in Turkey. It would have the capacity to produce 150,000 vehicles a year, according to electrive. Turkey’s relatively low labour costs and favourable customs-union agreement with the EU could be a major draw for Chinese OEMs like BYD.

However, earlier this year, BYD’s Turkish aspirations seemed to be in limbo. In August, The Economist reported that little progress was being made in constructing the factory. If the carmaker does go ahead with these efforts, this would signal greater competition for domestic brands like Togg.

Peugeot’s PHEV podium

In the first 10 months of 2025, Peugeot took a spot in Turkey’s top three PHEV standings. It saw 2,094 sales of the 3008 locally, ensuring a 5.6% market share. The model was first sold in Turkey in January this year and has seen consistent triple-digit sales each month. The French car could be a strong Turkish PHEV market presence in 2026.

The Jaecoo J7 has also impressed this year after its deliveries began in August 2024. Between January and October this year, it moved 1,953 units to take fourth with a 5.2% share. This position could be under threat with increased competition from the likes of Skoda and Mercedes-Benz.

Another Chinese offering followed in the shape of the Qiyuan A07. It rounds out the top five with 1,686 units sold between January and October, and with it, a 4.5% market share.

Skoda remains competitive in the European EV market

As battery-electric vehicle (BEV) volumes continue to rise in Europe, Skoda impressed with another table-topping performance. But can it topple Tesla come the end of the year? Tom Hooker, Autovista24 journalist, reviews the latest figures from EV Volumes.

BEV and plug-in hybrid (PHEV) sales continued to surge in Europe during October, as both technologies saw similar year-on-year growth. PHEVs enjoyed a rise of 36.6% to 112,653 units, according to data from EV Volumes. The improvement for BEVs was less pronounced at 31.1%, equating to 222,235 new deliveries.

Yet this was a more positive performance for BEVs than seen in recent months. It was the powertrain’s biggest increase since July, and marked its third-biggest monthly growth in the first 10 months of 2025. Conversely, October’s PHEV improvement was the technology’s lowest since April.

From January to October, a total of 1,032,137 plug-in hybrids were delivered, a rise of 32.1% year-on-year. This remained ahead of the 25.7% growth accrued by BEVs during the same period. However, the all-electric technology recorded a superior volume, with 2,023,682 deliveries.

Due to its smaller growth, the BEV share of the electric vehicle (EV) market has shrunk. It captured 66.2% of total EV deliveries after 10 months of 2025, down 1.1 percentage points year-on-year.

BEV success for Skoda

The Skoda Elroq topped the best-selling BEV table in October, its third monthly triumph in the first 10 months of the year. This was thanks to a record 11,291 units, after nearly one year of European deliveries.

The combined volumes of the Renault 5 and Alpine A290 sat 1,090 units behind in second. The duo posted 10,201 units in October alone. This was its highest-ever monthly figure and up 592.1% year-on-year. It was also the first time the model broke into five-digit monthly volumes.

Third went to the Skoda Enyaq. While it was unable to replicate its January success, it still managed its biggest delivery haul since March. Yet, the SUV’s 7,427-unit total was down 33.6% year-on-year.

A trio of VW’s

The Volkswagen (VW) ID.7 finished fourth in the month, with 7,172 sales, up 34.7%. This was its best performance in terms of volume since March. The BEV was followed by two of its siblings, namely the ID.3 and ID.4. The former sat fifth with 6,860 deliveries, an increase of 45.6% year-on-year.

Meanwhile, VW ID.4 volumes stalled compared to 12 months prior. Its 6,627-unit total equated to a 0.2% dip, despite this being its highest total since May.

Then came the Audi Q4 e-tron in seventh. The SUV recorded 9.2% growth year-on-year to 6,081 deliveries. This was its best sales tally since March. Its German rival, the BMW iX1, placed eighth, thanks to 5,748 units. This translated to an improvement of 21.8% compared to volumes from one year prior.

Tesla Model Y’s headache

After topping the BEV best-sellers table in September and August, the Tesla Model Y fell to ninth in October. This was due to the crossover’s quarterly delivery schedule, with September’s total nearly five times bigger than October’s. Its total of 5,496 sales in October was down 37.9% year on year.

Rounding out the top 10 was the Kia EV3, which completed a full year of deliveries in Europe. The BEV posted 5,067 deliveries in the month.

Can Skoda close the gap?

Despite a poor October, the Tesla Model Y still holds a seemingly insurmountable lead in the cumulative standings. The crossover recorded 115,414 units from January to October. So far, it remains the only EV with six-digit deliveries in Europe.

At the end of October, its closest rival was the Skoda Elroq, which moved up to second with its monthly success. The SUV posted 70,182 sales after 10 months of 2025.

However, despite the disparity in their October performances, the gap is simply too large to close. The Tesla Model Y can also be expected to post high volumes in December, due to its delivery schedule pattern.

A little further behind the Skoda Elroq was the combined volumes of the Renault 5 and the Alpine A290. The duo placed third in the cumulative standings and recorded 67,176 units from January to October.

The VW ID.3 placed fourth, with 64,272 sales. Just 204 units behind was the Skoda Enyaq. The SUV managed 64,068 deliveries after 10 months of 2025.

A last-minute comeback?

These models benefited from the recent poor performance of the Tesla Model 3. The sedan fell to sixth in the cumulative standings, after placing 57th in October with 1,301 sales.

Based on its delivery peaks this year in March, June and September, the Model 3 is unlikely to replicate its runner-up finish in 2025. However, a strong December could make things close. It will need a swing of 6,704 units in the last two months of 2025.

Two VW models followed in seventh and eighth. The ID.4 secured seventh, with 63,012 units. Then came the VW ID.7 with 60,965 deliveries. The Kia EV3 landed ninth, thanks to 55,415 sales, while the BMW iX1 placed 10th with 52,530 units.

Volvo’s return to the top

Volvo’s XC60 was Europe’s best-selling PHEV in October. Its 5,967-unit total was the SUV’s highest monthly figure since December 2024. It also equated to a 5.7% increase year-on-year.

Just 415 deliveries behind was the BYD Seal U, which led the chart in the previous month. The PHEV posted 5,552 sales in October, nearly half of its September total. Even so, volumes were still up 459.7% year-on-year.

The VW Tiguan took third, with deliveries up 41.8% to 4,946 units. Fourth was the Mercedes-Benz GLC. The SUV recorded 3,905 deliveries, up 19% compared to 12 months prior.

Fifth was the MG eHs, with sales surging by 162.3% to 3,557 units. In contrast, the Ford Kuga witnessed a 9.4% drop year-on-year to 3,494 deliveries. The Jaecoo J7 secured seventh thanks to 3,264 units, after volumes ramped up earlier this year.

The BMW X1 endured a 22% sales drop to 3,189 units in eighth. Its sibling, the X3, was just 38 units behind. However, its 3,151-delivery total represented a much more positive performance, up 608.1% year-on-year. The Audi A3 placed 10th, with 3,083 sales.

An ever-closer battle

In the cumulative PHEV standings, a three-way battle to take the full-year title remains. The BYD Seal U led the chart after moving into first place at the end of September. This was despite only topping the monthly table twice. The SUV recorded 51,389 deliveries between January and October.

The VW Tiguan saw its gap to first grow slightly to 1,193 units. With three monthly wins so far in 2025, the PHEV posted a total of 50,196 deliveries.

Gaining ground on both models was the Volvo XC60. The SUV has managed 48,582 deliveries overall. Despite this, the XC60 still has some catching up to do. After its October success, the gap between the top three PHEVs has been reduced to 2,807 units.

This showcases the high competitiveness of the PHEV market. One slip-up or surge in volumes during the last two months of the year could be the difference between taking a full-year victory and placing outside the top two.

Changing positions

A considerable distance behind was the Ford Kuga in fourth, with 37,730 sales. The SUV is the only model outside of the top three to record a monthly victory so far this year.

The BMW X1 finished fifth after 10 months of 2025, thanks to 33,416 deliveries. The Mercedes-Benz GLC followed in sixth, with 30,054 units. The SUV was closely followed by the MG eHS, recording 29,579 sales. Eighth in the cumulative table was the Toyota C-HR, with 29,130 units.

The BMW 5-Series claimed ninth in October, posting 24,014 units, while the Cupra Formentor was 10th with 23,816 deliveries.